Introduction to Controls; The Frequency Domain; Tuning a Control System; Delay in Digital Controllers; The z-Domain; Six Types of Controllers; Disturbance Response; Feed-Forward; Filters in Control Systems; Introduction to Observers in Control Systems; Introduction to Modeling; Nonlinear Behavior and Time Variation; Seven Steps to Developing a Model; Encoders and Resolvers; Basics of the Electric Servomotor and Drive; Compliance and Resonance; Position-Control Loops; Using the Luenberger Observer in Motion Control. Appendices: Active Analog Implementation of Controller Elements; European Symbols for Block Diagrams; The Runge-Kutta Method; Development of the Bilinear Transformation; The Parallel Form of Digital Algorithms; Basic Matrix Math