IFC
Preface
Chapter 1. Adaptation, Evolution, and Systematics
Adaptation
Evolution
Phylogeny
Taxonomy and Systematics
References
Chapter 2. The Primate Body
Primate Anatomy
Size
Cranial Anatomy
The Brain and Senses
The Trunk and Limbs
Soft Tissues
Growth and Development
References
Chapter 3. Primate Lives
Primate Habitats
Habitat Use
Activity Patterns
A Primate Day
Primate Diets
Locomotion
Social Life
Why Primates Live in Groups
Primate Life Histories
Primate Communities
References
Chapter 4. The Prosimians: Lemurs, Lorises, Galagos and Tarsiers
Strepsirrhines
Malagasy Strepsirrhines
Subfossil Malagasy strepsirrhines
Adaptive Radiation of Malagasy Primates
Galagos and Lorises
Adaptive Radiation of Galagos and Lorises
Phyletic Relationships of Strepsirrhines
Haplorhines
References
Chapter 5. New World Anthropoids
Primate Grades and Clades
Anatomy of Higher Primates
Platyrrhines
Pitheciids
Atelids
Cebids
Callitrichines
Adaptive Radiation of Platyrrhines
Phyletic Relationships of Platyrrhines
References
Chapter 6. Old World Monkeys
Catarrhine Anatomy
Cercopithecoids
Cercopithecines
Colobines
Adaptive Radiation of Old World Monkeys
Phyletic Relationships of Old World Monkeys
References
Chapter 7. Apes and Humans
Hominoids
Adaptive Radiation of Hominoids
Phyletic Relationships of Hominoids
References
Chapter 8. Primate Communities and Biogeography
Primate Biogeography
References
Chapter 9. Primate Adaptations
Effects of Size
Adaptations to Diet
Primate Sensory Adaptations
Locomotor Adaptations
Locomotor Compromises
Locomotion, Posture, and Ecology
Anatomical Correlates of Social Organization
Brains, Behavior, and Ecology
Adaptation and Phylogeny
References
Chapter 10. The Fossil Record
Geological Time
Molecular Dating of Phylogeny
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
Paleoclimate
Fossils and Fossilization
Paleoenvironments
Reconstructing Behavior
Paleobiogeography
References
Chapter 11. Primate Origins
Euarchontans – Primates and Other Mammals
Tree Shrews
Flying Lemurs
Plesiadapiforms
Adaptive Radiation of Plesiadapiforms
Plesiadapiforms and Primates
Primates Among the Archonta
The Adaptive Origin of Primates
References
Chapter 12. Fossil Prosimians
The First Modern Primates
Adapoids
Notharctids
Asiadapids
Caenopithecids
Adapids
Sivaladapids
Other Asian Adapoids
Azibiids, Djebelemurids, and Plesiopithecus: North African Stem Strepsirrhines?
Fossil Lorises and Galagos
Adapoids and Strepsirrhines?
Omomyoids
Omomyoids, Tarsiers, and Haplorhines
Adaptive Radiations and Biogeography of Fossil Prosimians
Origin and Early Evolution of Primates
References
Chapter 13. Early Anthropoids
The Oligocene
Early Anthropoids from Africa and Arabia
Phyletic Relationships
Eocene Anthropoids from Asia
Early Anthropoid Adaptations
Phyletic Relationships of Early Anthropoids
Prosimian Origins of Anthropoids
References
Chapter 14. Fossil Platyrrhines
The Platyrrhine Fossil Record
The Earliest Platyrrhines
The Patagonian Platyrrhines
A More Modern Community
Late Miocene Amazonian Monkeys
Pleistocene Platyrrhines
Caribbean Primates
Summary of Fossil Platyrrhines
Platyrrhine Origins
References
Chapter 15. Primitive Catarrhines and Fossil Apes
Miocene Epoch
Middle-Late Oligocene Primitive Catarrhines from Arabia and Africa
Early and Middle Miocene ‘Apes’ from Africa
Phyletic Relationships of Proconsuloids and other African Miocene Apes
Phylogenetic Relationships of Western Eurasian Apes
Phyletic Relationships of Asian Apes
The Evolution of Living Hominoids
Evolution of Gibbons
Evolution of the Orangutan
Evolution of African Apes
The Biogeography of Ape Evolution
References
Chapter 16. Fossil Old World Monkeys
Victoriapithecids: The Earliest Old World Monkeys
Fossil Cercopithecids
Fossil Cercopithecines
Fossil Colobines
Eurasian Colobines
Fossil Record of Cercopithecoids
References
Chapter 17. Fossil Hominins, the Bipedal Primates
Pliocene Epoch
Early Hominin Adaptations and Hominin Origins
Postcranial Adaptations
Phyletic Relationships of Early Hominins
Pleistocene Epoch
Human Phylogeny
Hominin Evolution in Perspective
References
Chapter 18. Patterns in Primate Evolution
Primate Adaptive Radiations
Adaptation and Phylogeny
Patterns in Primate Phylogeny
Primate Extinctions
Limiting Primate Extinctions
References
Glossary
Appendix 1. Classification of the Order Primates
Genera in bold contain extant members
Bibliography
Chapter 1: Further Reading
Chapter 2: Further Reading
Chapter 3: Further Reading
Chapter 4: Further Reading
Chapter 5: Further Reading
Chapter 6: Further Reading
Chapter 8: Further Reading
Chapter 9: Further Reading
Chapter 10: Further Reading
Chapter 11: Further Reading
Chapter 12: Further Reading
Chapter 13: Further Reading
Chapter 14: Further Reading
Chapter 15: Further Reading
Chapter 16: Further Reading
Chapter 17: Further Reading
Chapter 18: Further Reading
Index
IBC
