Preface

• Changes in the Fourth Edition
• The Companion Site
• Design & Implementation Sidebars
• Numbered and Titled Examples
• Exercise Plan
• How to Use the Book
• Supplemental Materials
• Acknowledgments for the Fourth Edition

I: Foundations

1: Introduction

• 1.1 The Art of Language Design
• 1.2 The Programming Language Spectrum
• 1.3 Why Study Programming Languages?
• 1.4 Compilation and Interpretation
• 1.5 Programming Environments
• 1.6 An Overview of Compilation
• 1.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 1.8 Exercises
• 1.9 Explorations
• 1.10 Bibliographic Notes

2: Programming Language Syntax

• 2.1 Specifying Syntax: Regular Expressions and Context-Free Grammars
• 2.2 Scanning
• 2.3 Parsing
• 2.4 Theoretical Foundations
• 2.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 2.6 Exercises
• 2.7 Explorations
• 2.8 Bibliographic Notes

3: Names, Scopes, and Bindings

• 3.1 The Notion of Binding Time
• 3.2 Object Lifetime and Storage Management
• 3.3 Scope Rules
• 3.4 Implementing Scope
• 3.5 The Meaning of Names within a Scope
• 3.6 The Binding of Referencing Environments
• 3.7 Macro Expansion
• 3.8 Separate Compilation
• 3.9 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 3.10 Exercises
• 3.11 Explorations
• 3.12 Bibliographic Notes

4: Semantic Analysis

• 4.1 The Role of the Semantic Analyzer
• 4.2 Attribute Grammars
• 4.3 Evaluating Attributes
• 4.4 Action Routines
• 4.5 Space Management for Attributes
• 4.6 Tree Grammars and Syntax Tree Decoration
• 4.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 4.8 Exercises
• 4.9 Explorations
• 4.10 Bibliographic Notes

5: Target Machine Architecture

II: Core Issues in Language Design

6: Control Flow

• 6.1 Expression Evaluation
• 6.2 Structured and Unstructured Flow
• 6.3 Sequencing
• 6.4 Selection
• 6.5 Iteration
• 6.6 Recursion
• 6.7 Nondeterminacy
• 6.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 6.9 Exercises
• 6.10 Explorations
• 6.11 Bibliographic Notes

7: Type Systems

• 7.1 Overview
• 7.2 Type Checking
• 7.3 Parametric Polymorphism
• 7.4 Equality Testing and Assignment
• 7.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 7.6 Exercises
• 7.7 Explorations
• 7.8 Bibliographic Notes

8: Composite Types

• 8.1 Records (Structures)
• 8.2 Arrays
• 8.3 Strings
• 8.4 Sets
• 8.5 Pointers and Recursive Types
• 8.6 Lists
• 8.7 Files and Input/Output
• 8.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 8.9 Exercises
• 8.10 Explorations
• 8.11 Bibliographic Notes

9: Subroutines and Control Abstraction

• 9.1 Review of Stack Layout
• 9.2 Calling Sequences
• 9.3 Parameter Passing
• 9.4 Exception Handling
• 9.5 Coroutines
• 9.6 Events
• 9.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 9.8 Exercises
• 9.9 Explorations
• 9.10 Bibliographic Notes

10: Data Abstraction and Object Orientation

• 10.1 Object-Oriented Programming
• 10.2 Encapsulation and Inheritance
• 10.3 Initialization and Finalization
• 10.4 Dynamic Method Binding
• 10.5 Mix-In Inheritance
• 10.6 True Multiple Inheritance
• 10.7 Object-Oriented Programming Revisited
• 10.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 10.9 Exercises
• 10.10 Explorations
• 10.11 Bibliographic Notes

III: Alternative Programming Models

11: Functional Languages

• 11.1 Historical Origins
• 11.2 Functional Programming Concepts
• 11.3 A Bit of Scheme
• 11.4 A Bit of OCaml
• 11.5 Evaluation Order Revisited
• 11.6 Higher-Order Functions
• 11.7 Theoretical Foundations
• 11.8 Functional Programming in Perspective
• 11.9 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 11.10 Exercises
• 11.11 Explorations
• 11.12 Bibliographic Notes

12: Logic Languages

• 12.1 Logic Programming Concepts
• 12.2 Prolog
• 12.3 Theoretical Foundations
• 12.4 Logic Programming in Perspective
• 12.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 12.6 Exercises
• 12.7 Explorations
• 12.8 Bibliographic Notes

13: Concurrency

• 13.1 Background and Motivation
• 13.2 Concurrent Programming Fundamentals
• 13.3 Implementing Synchronization
• 13.4 Language-Level Constructs
• 13.5 Message Passing
• 13.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 13.7 Exercises
• 13.8 Explorations
• 13.9 Bibliographic Notes

14: Scripting Languages

• 14.1 What Is a Scripting Language?
• 14.2 Problem Domains
• 14.3 Scripting the World Wide Web
• 14.4 Innovative Features
• 14.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 14.6 Exercises
• 14.7 Explorations
• 14.8 Bibliographic Notes

IV: A Closer Look at Implementation

15: Building a Runnable Program

• 15.1 Back-End Compiler Structure
• 15.2 Intermediate Forms
• 15.3 Code Generation
• 15.4 Address Space Organization
• 15.5 Assembly
• 15.6 Linking
• 15.7 Dynamic Linking
• 15.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 15.9 Exercises
• 15.10 Explorations
• 15.11 Bibliographic Notes

16: Run-Time Program Management

• 16.1 Virtual Machines
• 16.2 Late Binding of Machine Code
• 16.3 Inspection/Introspection
• 16.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks
• 16.5 Exercises
• 16.6 Explorations
• 16.7 Bibliographic Notes

17: Code Improvement

A: Programming Languages Mentioned

B: Language Design and Language Implementation

C: Numbered Examples